There are 10 grade of rarity for oriental cast coins. I do believe it's from Japanese (from what i know, Japanese is very serious in cash coins collecting and some of them did lots of in-depth research, particularly on varieties).
Here is the grade:
1: 孤品/大珍/特珍/Unique, or of the highest rarity, or nearly unique (1-3 specimens known)
2: 珍/極罕/Extremely rare (4-12 specimens known)
3: 甚罕/Very rare (13-30 known)
4: 罕/Rare (31-75 known)
5: 甚稀/Very scarce (76-200 known)(still, many people confused with the differentiation between rare and scarce)
6: 稀/Scarce (201-500 known)
7: 很少/Very seldom or very difficult to find (501-1250 known)
8: 少/Seldom or difficult to find (more than 1250 known, but you can't see it often)
9: 多/普品/Normal/Common (Many, could be found easily, but not anywhere)
10: 氾多/Most common, or common as muck (You can see it at anywhere, even your neightbor dog can pick it on the street sometimes).
Some special case which could drive the coin value up to the sky and considered the common piece become rare piece, i could tell you there are several example:
1) Sudden market demand on the specific type or series of coins due to some specific factors, such as silver dragon coins in China, more than x10 value appreciation since 2003 after China joint WTO. By this case, you can understand that originally 1000 pieces specimen for the type of coin are available, with 500 collectors demand. It shouldn't be considered as rare coin. However, when 100,000 or more collectors would get this 1000 pieces of coins, then it could be considered as rare coins. Maybe i'm wrong, but this is market oriented description, and the nature of coin collection field.
2) The official record of mintage should not be considered as the sole data to measure rarity. Some coins, such as Sarawak (part of Malaysia now) 1941 Cent, the mintage is 5,000,000 units, but from what Krause catalog mentioned, KM# 18, estimated 50 pieces exist, then it should be 'rare' piece (sorry, i'm using machine struck coin as an example now because i could get the accurate data rather than ancient coins). For further information about this coin, please visit: http://omnicoin.com/coin_view_enlarge.aspx?id=948928 . 1941...WWII time, many oriental bronze or copper even silver coins have been melted, or shrink into deep sea, such as Hong Kong 1941 Cent, Malaya 1941 i silver cents of George VI.
3) Anything else? I'm still thinking and write it here soon.
Here is the grade:
1: 孤品/大珍/特珍/Unique, or of the highest rarity, or nearly unique (1-3 specimens known)
2: 珍/極罕/Extremely rare (4-12 specimens known)
3: 甚罕/Very rare (13-30 known)
4: 罕/Rare (31-75 known)
5: 甚稀/Very scarce (76-200 known)(still, many people confused with the differentiation between rare and scarce)
6: 稀/Scarce (201-500 known)
7: 很少/Very seldom or very difficult to find (501-1250 known)
8: 少/Seldom or difficult to find (more than 1250 known, but you can't see it often)
9: 多/普品/Normal/Common (Many, could be found easily, but not anywhere)
10: 氾多/Most common, or common as muck (You can see it at anywhere, even your neightbor dog can pick it on the street sometimes).
Some special case which could drive the coin value up to the sky and considered the common piece become rare piece, i could tell you there are several example:
1) Sudden market demand on the specific type or series of coins due to some specific factors, such as silver dragon coins in China, more than x10 value appreciation since 2003 after China joint WTO. By this case, you can understand that originally 1000 pieces specimen for the type of coin are available, with 500 collectors demand. It shouldn't be considered as rare coin. However, when 100,000 or more collectors would get this 1000 pieces of coins, then it could be considered as rare coins. Maybe i'm wrong, but this is market oriented description, and the nature of coin collection field.
2) The official record of mintage should not be considered as the sole data to measure rarity. Some coins, such as Sarawak (part of Malaysia now) 1941 Cent, the mintage is 5,000,000 units, but from what Krause catalog mentioned, KM# 18, estimated 50 pieces exist, then it should be 'rare' piece (sorry, i'm using machine struck coin as an example now because i could get the accurate data rather than ancient coins). For further information about this coin, please visit: http://omnicoin.com/coin_view_enlarge.aspx?id=948928 . 1941...WWII time, many oriental bronze or copper even silver coins have been melted, or shrink into deep sea, such as Hong Kong 1941 Cent, Malaya 1941 i silver cents of George VI.
3) Anything else? I'm still thinking and write it here soon.
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